The formation of coal

After the dead plants on land, the residues exposed to the surface, the oxygen-rich conditions, through wind and rain,
Will dry rot. After dry rot, and some substances in the atmosphere is going to go into a gas, and the rest is just hard oxide mineral complex
Quality, this can not be turned into coal. But when a large number of higher plant debris in the lake covered by water, debris and water so that plants
Air separation, so they can not oxidation, hydrolysis and then the biochemical role of anaerobic bacteria, most plant debris
Points lose their structure, becoming black material of brown water, this dark brown material called "peat", and low
And other plant debris becomes sapropel. We call this process is called the stage of peat, which is changing the initial stage of coal beneficiation .
After the phase of peat, over time, decreasing the crust, the peat layer to the sediment carried by water and other objects
Quality of the coverage, and gradually thickening, resulting in some downward pressure. Under the influence of pressure and temperature, along with the peat water ,coal grinding mill.
Reduced carbon content began to increase and become brown. When more and more above the sediment thickness, and as the depth increases, the pressure and temperature was correspondingly increased, making the gradual increase in the degree of carbonization, moisture, volatile matter gradually reduce the carbon content increases, the proportion increased, gloss increased deterioration into a variety of bituminous coal. When the pressure and temperature further increases, will be further carbonization of bituminous coal into anthracite continued deterioration of this phase is called coalification stage.
Ecological Protection
1. Mine feasibility study and design should be predicted by surface subsidence caused by underground mining the scope, extent and the corresponding time.
2. Mine design should actively adopt new technology to reduce surface subsidence.
3. Mine protection design must be based on relevant national regulations on environmental protection and land reclamation, in accordance with local planning and the collapse of the specific conditions corresponding comprehensive improvement measures.
4. Mine industrial sites must be green, green should meet the practical, economic, and aesthetic principles.
5 demonstrates the original mine design should be based on soil erosion, development of water conservation measures.
6. Environment Agency set up and special investment
7. Mine environmental management agency should be set, with 1 to 5 full-time management and monitoring of staff, responsible for the organization, implementation, supervision and monitoring of the mine environmental protection concrete crushing equipment.
8. Mine should be equipped with environmental monitoring equipment for routine monitoring.
9. Where are the required pollution control and environmental protection installations, equipment, monitoring means and engineering facilities and other investments belong to the investment in environmental protection. Where the mine must have transferred production of the environmental protection investment, construction investment should be included in mine.